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Gemtuzumab ozogamicin

Mechanism of action

Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin is directed against the CD33 antigen expressed by hematopoietic cells. Binding of the anti-CD33 antibody portion of Gemtuzumab ozogamicin with the CD33 antigen results in the formation of a complex that is internalized. Upon internalization, the calicheamicin derivative is released inside the lysosomes of the myeloid cell. The released calicheamicin derivative binds to DNA in the minor groove resulting in DNA double strand breaks and cell death.

Dose

9 mg/m2 IV infusion over two hours.

One hour before infusion, premedicate with diphenhydramine 50 mg po and acetaminophen 650–1,000 mg po, with two additional doses of acetaminophen every four hours, as needed.

Indications

Indicated for CD33+ acute myeloid leukemia in cases where the patient is older than 60 years of age at first relapse

Side Effects

Severe neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, chills, fever, nausea, vomiting, headache, hypotension, rash, mucositis, and hepatic toxicity.

Nursing Considerations

Do not administer via IV push or bolus.

Keep emergency drugs at bedside because of potential for allergic reactions.

Infusion-related reaction symptoms occur 30–120 minutes after infusion starts.

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is administered IV through a 1.2 or 2.2 micron filter.

Protect from light during preparation and administration.

Observe hazardous drug precautions.

Monitor for tumor lysis.